Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in Python

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming approach that organizes code using classes and objects.

What is a Class?

A class is a blueprint for creating objects. It defines properties (variables) and behaviors (methods).

class Student:
    name = "Khushi"
    age = 15

What is an Object?

An object is an instance of a class.

s1 = Student()
print(s1.name)
print(s1.age)

The __init__() Method

The __init__() method is called automatically when an object is created.

class Student:
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

s1 = Student("Khushi", 15)
print(s1.name, s1.age)

The self Keyword

self refers to the current object and is used to access variables and methods inside a class.

Class Methods

class Student:
    def greet(self):
        print("Hello Student!")

s = Student()
s.greet()

Inheritance

Inheritance allows one class to acquire properties of another class.

class Animal:
    def speak(self):
        print("Animal speaks")

class Dog(Animal):
    def bark(self):
        print("Dog barks")

d = Dog()
d.speak()
d.bark()

Practice Exercises

1. Create a class for a mobile phone
2. Add attributes like brand and price
3. Create a method to display details